PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
(GROUP - A
: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY)
Geomorphology - Nature and composition of earth’s
crust; Structure of earth’s interior; Origin, distribution and permanency of
Continents and Ocean Basins; Theories of isostasy, continental drift, and plate
tectonics; Earth movements - types and effects; Fundamental concepts in
geomorphology; Gradational processes - weathering and mass wasting; Landforms
due to fluvial. glacial. aeolian, coastal and karst processes; Evolution of
landscape - cyclic and non-cyclic models; Global hydrological cycle.
Climatology
- Atmosphere
- nature, composition and structure; Elements and factors of weather and
climate; Insolation and Heat-budget; General circulation of winds, Jet Streams
and Monsoons; Condensation and Precipitation; Airmass and fronts; Tropical and
Extra tropical cyclones; Thunderstorm and tornado; Climatic classification -
principles and application (Koppen, Thorntwaite, Trewartha); Global
climatic changes.
Oceanography
- Origin
of continents and ocean basins; Bottom topography of ocean basins: Indian,
Pacific & Atlantic Oceans; Nature, origin and
characteristics of continental shelves and slopes, submarine canyons and coral
reefs and atolls; Ocean currents: Indian, Pacific and Atlanticoceans; Physical
and Chemical properties of ocean water: temperature, salinity anddensity; TS Diagram and Watermass; Ocean Deposits;
Marine Resources.
Environmental
Geography -
Nature and composition of Biosphere; Concepts relating to Ecosystem -
production and decomposition, homoeostasis, energy environment, productivity,
food chain, food web, trophic structure, ecological niche, ecological pyramids,
and ecological crisis; Ecosystem -principles and components; Components,
Bio-energy Cycles and Biogeochemical cycles; Major Ecosystems of the world;
Environmental degradation and conservation; Environmental pollution - land,
water, air and noise; Natural hazards and natural disaster characteristics,
mitigation and global efforts.
Cartography -The Earth as a Cartographic Problem -
size and shape; co-ordinate system; scale and map projection; Principles and
properties of Polar Zenithal. Conical. Cylindrical and Conventional projections
(all normal case); Thematic mapping - types and techniques; Principles of
Surveying and Levelling with Chain, Plane Table, Dumpy level and GPS;
Remote Sensing nature and principles; Geographical Information System -
evolution, components, and functionality.
GROUP - B : HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Economic
Geography -
Concepts and theories of resources; Locational analysis of agriculture
(intensive subsistence in monsoon lands, extensive commercial farming in
temperate lands, plantation farming in the tropics and dairy farming in the
temperate grass lands), lumbering, fishing, mining (coal, petroleum and iron
ore), power production (hydel and nuclear) and manufacturing (iron & steel, aluminium, and cotton textile);
Economic models - landuse (Von Thunen), industry (Weber, Hoover, Pred).
Economic systems and economic landscape - characteristics and evolution
(Rostow, Myrdal, and Isard). Global economic blocks - patterns
and functions.
Population
Geography -
Factors and measures of population growth; Malthus, Neo-Malthusianism, Optimum,
Social and economic, Biological and natural and Demographic transition theories
of population growth; Pattern of World population growth; Migration - nature,
theories and consequences on society; Population distribution - density and
global pattern; Global patterns and trends of population composition (age-sex
structure and occupational structure).
Social & Political Geography - Concept of space: absolute & relative; Social structure:
stratification and differentiation; Social Processes; segregation, adaptation,
assimilation and integration; Heart land and Rimland theories; Principles of
boundaries and frontiers
Settlement
Geography -
Origin and Growth of Settlements; Function, morphology, types and patterns of
Rural settlements; Urban growth and urbanization; Classification, functions,
and morphology of towns and cities; Models of urban growth - Burgess, Hoyt,
Harris and Ullman, Mann. Urban gradients and densities; Residential areas -
patterns and processes; The Central Business District - characteristics,
delimitation and changes; The Central Place Theory and the Rank size rule, The
Urban field and inter-urban movement.
Regional
Development and Planning -
Regions - concepts, types and methods of regionalization; Regional diversity
and disparities in development; Regional development - role of resource base,
technology and information system, agriculture and industry, transport and
communication, trade and commerce; Regional development theory - Perroux and
Isard; Regional planning - basic principles and types; Environmental issues in
regional planning and planning for sustainable development; Planning regions -
concepts and delineation; State as a planning unit and micro-level planning with
special reference to India.
Paper
– II :
REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
GROUP - A: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Physical
Geography -
Location and space relationship with neighbouring countries; structure and
Relief; Climate and Drainage; Soil and Natural Vegetation
Resource
Base -
Distribution, utilization and Conservation of Land (soil), Water (freshwater),
Water Disputes interstate and neighbouring countries, Mineral (iron ore,
manganese, bauxite, mica), Energy (coal, oil, natural gas, and Non -
Conventional sources like wind, tidal and solar power) and
Biotic Resources
Economy - Indian agriculture - nature and
characteristics; Development of Agriculture during the Plan periods; Green
Revolution; Distribution and characteristics of cultivation of rice, wheat,
jute cotton, tea, and coffee; Agricultural Regions, Industrial development and
industrial policy during the Plan Period; Locational Dynamics, Growth and
Development of the Iron & Steel,
Aluminum, Engineering, Oil Refining, Cotton Textile, Jute, Sugar, Paper, cement
and automotive industries; Growth and Development of Transport and Communication
System (Road, Rail, Water, and Air); Nature and Development of Trade - national
and foreign specially with the SARC and ASEAN countries;
Trade Balance.
Population - Population as a Resource; Relation
between Population and Socio-economic Development; Population Growth - spatial
and temporal variations; Population Distribution and population - resource
relationships; Population Composition and social implications age, sex,
literacy, religion, and caste; Urban Growth and Urbanization - characteristics
and patterns, factors and processes; Population Problems and Population Policy
during the Plan periods.
GROUP - B: GEOGRAPHY OF WEST BENGAL
Physical
Geography -
Location with Geographical Personality; Physiographic Divisions - structure and
relief; Climate - seasonal weather conditions; Agro-climatic regions; Drainage
systems and problems; Soil - types and fertility, erosion and conservation;
Natural Vegetation - types and distribution, deforestation
and afforestation.
Resource
Base -
Distribution, utilization and Conservation of Land, Water, Mineral, Energy
(both Conventional and Non - Conventional) and Biotic Resources
Economy - Land use - characteristics and
correlates; Irrigation and Agriculture - development during the Plan periods;
Rice, jute, and tea - cultivation, crop ecology, production and problems; Crop
Combination Regions; Impact of Green Revolution; Industrial Regions - growth,
development and problems; Trade and Transport - nature and status of
development; issues of development
Population - Population as a Resource; Relation
between Population and Socio-economic Development;Growth and Distribution
(absolute, and density - crude, physiological and habitational); Population
Composition - age, sex, literacy, occupation, religion, and caste; Urban Growth
and Urbanisation - characteristics, patterns and factors; Population Problems
and Population Policy during the Plan periods
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